Mulberry leaves are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Mulberries are deciduous trees or shrubs belonging to the genus Morus. They have distinctive lobed leaves and produce small, multiple-fruit clusters known as ‘drupes’ that resemble berries. The genus Morus has several species. Morus alba (White Mulberry) is the species that is used in TCM. Other species are Morus nigra (Black Mulberry) and Morus ruba (Red Mulberry).
Mulberry is native to northern China but is widely cultivated in various parts of Asia, Europe, and North America. Its serrated, heart-shaped leaves characterize it. Red mulberry is indigenous to eastern North America, primarily in the US. It produces red to dark purple fruit.
Morus alba has several cultivated varieties. These include ‘Pendula’ (Weeping Mulberry), ‘Fruitless” (a variety without fruit), and ‘Chaparral’ (known for its dwarf growth).
Medicinal properties of mulberry leaves
Mulberry leaves of Morus alba are used in TCM for blood sugar control, heart health, and immune support, among others. Morus alba is believed to nourish the Yin aspect of the body, which is associated with cooling and moistening effects. It is said to affect the liver, lung, and kidney meridians. The flavor of the herb is sweet or slightly sour.
The leaves and fruits are rich in alkaloids and anthocyanins. The plant’s antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and cardiovascular system properties have been studied and verified. Clinical trials have shown that plant extracts reduce blood glucose and cholesterol levels. These also enhance cognitive ability. It is a multi-functional plant. (Chan EWC et al., 2016)
Morus alba is traditionally believed to have a moistening effect on the lungs, making it useful in dry cough and other respiratory conditions. Extracts from the roots bark of the plant inhibited bronchial-like symptoms. (Lim HJ et al., 2013)
Studies indicate that the species has the potential to benefit individuals suffering from gastrointestinal ailments. (Arslan O et al.,2004) Experiments show that the plant positively impacts the liver and kidney in diabetic rats. (Jiao Y et al.,2017) This study validates the prospect of providing scientific support to the TCM use of the plant to tone the kidney and liver.
Morus alba in TCM is believed to have a calming effect on the mind and benefit individuals dealing with restlessness and anxiety. A scientific study found that the plant helped reduce stress. (Yadav AV et al., 2008)
Uses of Morus alba
The fruits are edible and are consumed fresh or in cooking. They are used in jams, jellies, desserts, and beverages. They are also dried and used as a snack.
The leaves are the primary food source for silkworms (Bombyx mori) used in silk production. The leaves are also used as fodder for livestock. The roots and bark of the plant are used to produce a natural dye. The dye ranges from yellow to brown, depending on the extraction process.
The plant is also cultivated for its ornamental value. Its distinctive lobed leaves and cascading form make it popular in landscaping and gardens. Other uses include using the wood in woodworking projects and traditional crafts. Bees are attracted to the plant’s flowers and may use its nectar to produce honey.
How to consume the mulberry leaves in medicine
A decoction is made by boiling the leaves and other plant parts to extract the beneficial compounds. The resulting liquid is then consumed.
Dried and ground parts of the plant, such as leaves and roots, can be used to make powders that can be mixed with water or other liquids and consumed. Plant material is soaked in alcohol or a mixture of alcohol and water to produce tinctures. The extracts can be processed into capsules or tablets and consumed. Excerpts may be used externally in the form of ointments and creams. This is used for skin disorders.
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